Hard Engineering Flashcards

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What is the impact of groynes down drift?
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Beaches beyond the defences (downdrift) are starved of beach material due to it being trapped behind the terminal (last) groyne.

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What is the impact of groynes down drift?
How does a groyne help reduce coastal erosion?
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Groynes trap material being transported by longshore drift. This builds up a wide beach which helps absorb energy from waves, reducing the rate of cliff erosion.

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How does a groyne help reduce coastal erosion?
What is hard engineering?
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Hard engineering involves building artificial structures which try to control natural processes.

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What is hard engineering?
Give three examples of hard engineering techniques used to protect the coast.
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Groynes, rock armour, sea walls, revetments, gabions or breakwater.

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Give three examples of hard engineering techniques used to protect the coast.
Give an advantage of using rock armour to protect the coast.
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Cheap and efficient at reducing energy in waves approaching the coast.

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Give an advantage of using rock armour to protect the coast.




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