Urbanisation

Welcome to the urbanisation main menu

What is urbanisation?

What causes urbanisation?

Million Cities

Counter-urbanisation

Urban Problems in LEDCs

Case Study – Rio de Janerio

Case Study – Favela

Self Help Schemes

Urban Problems in MEDCs

Case Study – Inner City Redevelopment – London’s Docklands

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} ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-top.ls-playfrom-stick:after, ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-top.ls-playfrom-top:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-progress); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-top.ls-playfrom-center:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-p-minus-50); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-top.ls-playfrom-bottom:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-p-minus-100); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-bottom.ls-playfrom-stick:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-progress); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-bottom.ls-playfrom-top:after { --ls-padding: calc(var(--ls-progress) + var(--ls-offset-full)); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-bottom.ls-playfrom-center:after { --ls-padding: calc(var(--ls-p-minus-50) + var(--ls-offset-full)); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-stickto-bottom.ls-playfrom-bottom:after { --ls-padding: calc(var(--ls-p-minus-100) + var(--ls-offset-full)); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-playfrom-stick.ls-layout-fullsize:after, ls-scene-wrapper.ls-playfrom-top.ls-layout-fullsize:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-progress); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-playfrom-center.ls-layout-fullsize:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-p-minus-50); } ls-scene-wrapper.ls-playfrom-bottom.ls-layout-fullsize:after { --ls-padding: var(--ls-p-minus-100); } ls-scene-wrapper:after { content: ""; display: block; width: 100%; padding-bottom: var(--ls-padding, 0px); } ls-scene-wrapper .ls-container { position: sticky !important; top: 0; } ls-silent-wrapper { width: 100vw; height: 100vh; z-index: -1 !important; visibility: hidden !important; opacity: 0 !important; pointer-events: none !important; position: fixed !important; left: -200vw; top: -200vh; } ls-scene-wrapper[data-disabled-scene] { height: auto !important; } ls-scene-wrapper[data-disabled-scene]:after { display: none !important; } .ls-slide-bgcolor, .ls-slide-backgrounds, .ls-slide-effects, .ls-background-videos, .ls-bg-video-overlay { -o-transform: translateZ(0); -ms-transform: translateZ(0); -moz-transform: translateZ(0); -webkit-transform: translateZ(0); transform: translateZ(0); } .ls-layers, .ls-slide-bgcolor, .ls-slide-backgrounds, .ls-slide-effects, .ls-background-videos, .ls-bg-video-overlay { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; overflow: hidden; } .ls-text-layer .ls-ch .ls-grad-bg-overflow { display: block; position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: -1; } .ls-wrapper { padding: 0 !important; visibility: visible !important; border: 0 !important; z-index: 1; } .ls-wrapper.ls-fix-textnodes .ls-ln, .ls-wrapper.ls-fix-textnodes .ls-wd, .ls-wrapper.ls-fix-textnodes .ls-ch { position: static !important; transform: none !important; } .ls-wrapper .ls-ln { white-space: nowrap; } .ls-layer.ls-has-chars .ls-wd { position: static !important; } .ls-layer.ls-has-chars .ls-ch { position: relative !important; } .ls-layer.ls-has-words .ls-wd { position: relative !important; } .ls-layer.ls-has-lines .ls-ln { position: relative !important; } .ls-layer .ls-ch, .ls-layer .ls-wd, .ls-layer .ls-ln { text-decoration: inherit; } .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in][data-ls-mask-text-in] .ls-ch, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in][data-ls-mask-text-in] .ls-wd, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in][data-ls-mask-text-in] .ls-ln, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out][data-ls-mask-text-out] .ls-ch, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out][data-ls-mask-text-out] .ls-wd, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out][data-ls-mask-text-out] .ls-ln { clip-path: polygon(0 0, 100% 0, 100% 100%, 0 100%); } .ls-textnode-dummy { display: inline-block !important; visibility: hidden !important; pointer-events: none !important; } .ls-textnode-bgclip-wrap { left: 0; top: 0; position: absolute; background-clip: text; -webkit-background-clip: text; text-fill-color: transparent; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; text-align: left !important; pointer-events: none !important; } .ls-textnode { color: transparent; text-fill-color: transparent; -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent; } .ls-wrapper.ls-force-display-block { display: block !important; } .ls-wrapper.ls-force-visibility-hidden { visibility: hidden !important; } .ls-wrapper.ls-force-left-0 { left: 0 !important; } .ls-wrapper.ls-force-width-auto { width: auto !important; } .ls-force-height-auto { height: auto !important; } .ls-wrapper.ls-force-full-size { width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; } .ls-layer.ls-force-no-transform, .ls-wrapper.ls-force-no-transform { transform: none !important; } .ls-force-no-transform .ls-ln, .ls-force-no-transform .ls-wd, .ls-force-no-transform .ls-ch { transform: none !important; } .ls-background-videos { z-index: 1; } .ls-bg-video-overlay { z-index: 21; background-repeat: repeat; background-position: center center; } .ls-slide-backgrounds { z-index: 2; } .ls-slide-effects { z-index: 4; } .ls-slide-bgcolor { z-index: 1; } .ls-layers { z-index: 35; } .ls-z, .ls-parallax, .ls-in-out, .ls-scroll, .ls-scroll-transform, .ls-loop, .ls-clip { position: absolute !important; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0; left: 0; } .ls-clip, .ls-m-layers-clip { clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 100% 0%, 100% 100%, 0% 100%); } .ls-layers-clip { clip: rect(0px, var(--sw), var(--sh), 0px); } .ls-z { width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; top: 0 !important; left: 0 !important; bottom: auto !important; right: auto !important; display: block !important; overflow: visible !important; pointer-events: none !important; } .ls-z.ls-wrapper.ls-pinned { position: fixed !important; } .ls-slide-backgrounds .ls-wrapper.ls-z { overflow: hidden !important; } .ls-inner-wrapper { pointer-events: auto; } .ls-inner-wrapper * { pointer-events: inherit; } .ls-in-out { display: none; } .ls-loop, .ls-clip { display: block !important; } .ls-parallax, .ls-in-out, .ls-scroll, .ls-scroll-transform, .ls-loop, .ls-z { background: none !important; } .ls-bg-wrap, .ls-loop { margin: 0 !important; } .ls-wrapper > .ls-layer, .ls-wrapper > a > .ls-layer .ls-wrapper > .ls-bg { line-height: normal; white-space: nowrap; word-wrap: normal; margin-right: 0 !important; margin-bottom: 0 !important; } .ls-wrapper > .ls-layer, ls-liquify-wrapper > ls-layer, .ls-wrapper > a > .ls-layer { position: static !important; display: block !important; transform: translateZ(0); } .ls-bg-wrap, .ls-bg-outer { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; } .ls-bg-wrap { display: none; } .ls-bg-outer { overflow: hidden !important; } .ls-wrapper > a.ls-layer-link, ls-liquify-wrapper > a.ls-layer-link { cursor: pointer !important; display: block !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; top: 0 !important; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; z-index: 10; -o-transform: translateZ(100px); -ms-transform: translateZ(100px); -moz-transform: translateZ(100px); -webkit-transform: translateZ(100px); transform: translateZ(100px); background: url("data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7") !important; } .ls-l[data-prefix]:before, .ls-layer[data-prefix]:before { position: relative; display: inline-block; content: attr(data-prefix); } .ls-l[data-suffix]:after, .ls-layer[data-suffix]:after { position: relative; display: inline-block; content: attr(data-suffix); } .ls-l[data-prefix]:before, .ls-layer[data-prefix]:before, .ls-l[data-suffix]:after, .ls-layer[data-suffix]:after { color: var(--ls-affix-color, currentColor); transform: translateY(var(--ls-affix-va, 0em)); font-size: var(--ls-affix-fs, 1em); font-family: var(--ls-affix-ff, inherit); font-weight: var(--ls-affix-fw, inherit); } .ls-l[data-prefix]:before, .ls-layer[data-prefix]:before, .ls-l[data-suffix]:after, .ls-layer[data-suffix]:after { display: var(--ls-affix-nl, inline-block); } .ls-l[data-prefix].ls-affix-float:before, .ls-layer[data-prefix].ls-affix-float:before, .ls-l[data-suffix].ls-affix-float:after, .ls-layer[data-suffix].ls-affix-float:after { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; transform: translate(calc(-50% + var(--ls-affix-ha, 0em)), calc(-50% + var(--ls-affix-va, 0em))); } .ls-l[data-prefix]:before, .ls-layer[data-prefix]:before { margin-right: var(--ls-affix-ha, 0em); } .ls-l[data-suffix]:after, .ls-layer[data-suffix]:after { margin-left: var(--ls-affix-ha, 0em); } .ls-gui-element { z-index: 40; text-decoration: none !important; } .ls-loading-container { position: absolute !important; display: none; left: 50% !important; top: 50% !important; } .ls-loading-indicator { margin: 0 auto; } .ls-media-unmute { visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: 16px; top: 16px; width: 30px; height: 30px; cursor: pointer; opacity: .65; } .ls-media-unmute-active { visibility: visible; } .ls-media-unmute-bg { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; border-radius: 30px; border: 0 solid white; transform: scale(.1); background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .25); box-shadow: 0 3px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); } .ls-icon-muted, .ls-icon-unmuted { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: center; background-size: 20px; transform: scale(.1); } .ls-media-unmute-active .ls-media-unmute-bg { border: 2px solid white; } .ls-media-unmute-active .ls-icon-muted, .ls-media-unmute-active .ls-icon-unmuted, .ls-media-unmute-active .ls-media-unmute-bg { transform: scale(1) !important; } .ls-icon-muted { background-image: url("https://cdn-ilegfhd.nitrocdn.com/AGVjSsfBDzdDJuHGQkTwHHyCNgrEhqof/assets/images/optimized/rev-c1165c5/www.internetgeography.net/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/assets/static/layerslider/img/icon-muted-white.png"); opacity: 1; } .ls-icon-muted.nitro-lazy { background-image: none !important; } .ls-icon-unmuted { background-image: url("https://cdn-ilegfhd.nitrocdn.com/AGVjSsfBDzdDJuHGQkTwHHyCNgrEhqof/assets/images/optimized/rev-c1165c5/www.internetgeography.net/wp-content/plugins/LayerSlider/assets/static/layerslider/img/icon-unmuted-white.png"); opacity: 0; } .ls-icon-unmuted.nitro-lazy { background-image: none !important; } .ls-media-unmute:hover { opacity: 1; } .ls-media-unmute:hover .ls-icon-muted { opacity: 0; } .ls-media-unmute:hover .ls-icon-unmuted { opacity: 1; } .ls-media-unmute-bg, .ls-icon-unmuted, .ls-media-unmute, .ls-icon-muted { transition: all .3s ease-in-out !important; } .ls-bottom-slidebuttons { text-align: left; } .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper, .ls-below-thumbnails { height: 0; position: relative; text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; } .ls-below-thumbnails { display: none; } .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a, .ls-nav-prev, .ls-nav-next { outline: none; } .ls-bottom-slidebuttons { position: relative; } .ls-bottom-slidebuttons, .ls-nav-start, .ls-nav-stop, .ls-nav-sides { position: relative; } .ls-nothumb { text-align: center !important; } .ls-link, .ls-link:hover { position: absolute !important; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; left: 0 !important; top: 0 !important; } .ls-link { display: none; } .ls-link-on-top { z-index: 999999 !important; } .ls-link, .ls-wrapper > a > * { background-image: url("data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7"); } .ls-link.nitro-lazy, .ls-wrapper > a > *.nitro-lazy { background-image: none !important; } .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper, .ls-thumbnail-wrapper, .ls-nav-prev, .ls-nav-next { visibility: hidden; } .ls-bar-timer { position: absolute; width: 0; height: 2px; background: white; border-bottom: 2px solid #555; opacity: .55; top: 0; } .ls-circle-timer { width: 16px; height: 16px; position: absolute; right: 10px; top: 10px; opacity: .65; display: none; } .ls-container .ls-circle-timer, .ls-container .ls-circle-timer * { box-sizing: border-box !important; } .ls-ct-half { border: 4px solid white; } .ls-ct-left, .ls-ct-right { width: 50%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; } .ls-ct-left, .ls-ct-right { position: absolute; } .ls-ct-left { left: 0; } .ls-ct-right { left: 50%; } .ls-ct-rotate { width: 200%; height: 100%; position: absolute; top: 0; } .ls-ct-left .ls-ct-rotate, .ls-ct-right .ls-ct-hider, .ls-ct-right .ls-ct-half { left: 0; } .ls-ct-right .ls-ct-rotate, .ls-ct-left .ls-ct-hider, .ls-ct-left .ls-ct-half { right: 0; } .ls-ct-hider, .ls-ct-half { position: absolute; top: 0; } .ls-ct-hider { width: 50%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; } .ls-ct-half { width: 200%; height: 100%; } .ls-ct-center { width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; top: 0; position: absolute; border: 4px solid black; opacity: .2; } .ls-ct-half, .ls-ct-center { border-radius: 100px; -moz-border-radius: 100px; -webkit-border-radius: 100px; } .ls-slidebar-container { margin: 10px auto; } .ls-slidebar-container, .ls-slidebar { position: relative; } .ls-progressbar, .ls-slidebar-slider-container { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; } .ls-progressbar { width: 0; height: 100%; z-index: 1; } .ls-slidebar-slider-container { z-index: 2; } .ls-slidebar-slider { position: static !important; cursor: pointer; } .ls-slidebar { height: 10px; background-color: #ddd; } .ls-slidebar, .ls-progressbar { border-radius: 10px; } .ls-progressbar { background-color: #bbb; } .ls-slidebar-slider-container { top: 50%; } .ls-slidebar-slider { width: 20px; height: 20px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: #999; } .ls-slidebar-light .ls-slidebar { height: 8px; background-color: white; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; } .ls-slidebar-light .ls-slidebar, .ls-slidebar-light .ls-progressbar { border-radius: 10px; } .ls-slidebar-light .ls-progressbar { background-color: #eee; } .ls-slidebar-light .ls-slidebar-slider-container { top: 50%; } .ls-slidebar-light .ls-slidebar-slider { width: 18px; height: 18px; border-radius: 20px; background-color: #eee; border: 1px solid #bbb; border-top: 1px solid #ccc; border-bottom: 1px solid #999; } .ls-tn { display: none !important; } .ls-thumbnail-hover { display: none; position: absolute; left: 0; } .ls-thumbnail-hover-inner { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; display: none; } .ls-thumbnail-hover-bg { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; top: 0; } .ls-thumbnail-hover-img { position: absolute; overflow: hidden; } .ls-thumbnail-hover img { max-width: none !important; position: absolute; display: inline-block; visibility: visible !important; left: 50%; top: 0; } .ls-thumbnail-hover span { left: 50%; top: 100%; width: 0; height: 0; display: block; position: absolute; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; } .ls-thumbnail-wrapper { position: relative; width: 100%; margin: 0 auto; } .ls-thumbnail-wrapper.ls-thumbnail-fill a img { width: 100%; } .ls-thumbnail { position: relative; margin: 0 auto; } .ls-thumbnail-inner, .ls-thumbnail-slide-container { width: 100%; } .ls-thumbnail-slide-container { overflow: hidden !important; position: relative; } .ls-thumbnail-slide { text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; float: left; position: relative; } .ls-thumbnail-slide a { overflow: hidden; display: inline-block; width: 0; height: 0; position: relative; } .ls-thumbnail-slide img { max-width: none !important; max-height: 100% !important; height: 100%; visibility: visible !important; background-position: center !important; } .ls-touchscroll { overflow-x: auto !important; } .ls-shadow { display: none; position: absolute; z-index: 10 !important; top: 100%; width: 100%; left: 0; overflow: hidden !important; visibility: hidden; } .ls-shadow img { width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; position: absolute !important; left: 0 !important; bottom: 0 !important; } .ls-media-layer { overflow: hidden; } .ls-vpcontainer, .ls-videopreview { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; cursor: pointer; } .ls-videopreview { background-size: cover; background-position: center center; } .ls-videopreview { z-index: 1; } .ls-playvideo { position: absolute; left: 50%; top: 50%; cursor: pointer; z-index: 2; } .ls-autoplay .ls-playvideo, .ls-instant-autoplay .ls-playvideo { display: none !important; } .ls-forcehide { display: none !important; } .ls-yourlogo { position: absolute; z-index: 50; } .ls-slide-transition-wrapper { width: 100%; height: 100%; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 3; } .ls-slide-transition-wrapper, .ls-slide-transition-wrapper * { text-align: left !important; } .ls-slide-transition-tile { position: relative; float: left; } .ls-slide-transition-tile img { visibility: visible; margin: 0 !important; } .ls-curtiles { overflow: hidden; } .ls-curtiles, .ls-nexttiles { position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; left: 0; top: 0; } .ls-curtile, .ls-nexttile { overflow: hidden; width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; -o-transform: translateZ(0); -ms-transform: translateZ(0); -moz-transform: translateZ(0); -webkit-transform: translateZ(0); transform: translateZ(0); } .ls-nexttile { display: none; } .ls-3d-container { position: relative; overflow: visible !important; -ms-perspective: none !important; -moz-perspective: none !important; -webkit-perspective: none !important; perspective: none !important; } .ls-3d-box { position: absolute; } .ls-3d-box > div { overflow: hidden; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; background-color: #888; } .ls-3d-box .ls-3d-top, .ls-3d-box .ls-3d-bottom { background-color: #555; } .ls-slide-transition-wrapper, .ls-slide-transition-tile { -ms-perspective: 1500px; -moz-perspective: 1500px; -webkit-perspective: 1500px; perspective: 1500px; } .ls-slide-transition-tile, .ls-3d-box, .ls-curtiles, .ls-nexttiles { -ms-transform-style: preserve-3d; -moz-transform-style: preserve-3d; -webkit-transform-style: preserve-3d; transform-style: preserve-3d; } .ls-curtile, .ls-nexttile, .ls-3d-box { -ms-backface-visibility: hidden; -moz-backface-visibility: hidden; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; backface-visibility: hidden; } html body .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fullsize:not(.ls-hidden), html body .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fullwidth:not(.ls-hidden), html body .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-responsive:not(.ls-hidden), html body .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fixedsize:not(.ls-hidden), #ls-global .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fullsize:not(.ls-hidden), #ls-global .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fullwidth:not(.ls-hidden), #ls-global .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-responsive:not(.ls-hidden), #ls-global .ls-container.ls-wp-container.ls-fixedsize:not(.ls-hidden) { max-width: 100%; } html body .ls-container.ls-hidden, #ls-global .ls-container.ls-hidden { width: 0px !important; height: 0px !important; position: absolute; left: -5000px; top: -5000px; z-index: -1; overflow: hidden !important; visibility: hidden !important; display: block !important; } .ls-selectable { user-select: text; -ms-user-select: text; -moz-user-select: text; -webkit-user-select: text; } .ls-unselectable { user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -webkit-user-select: none; } .ls-visible { overflow: visible !important; clip: auto !important; clip-path: none !important; } .ls-unselectable { user-select: none; -o-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -webkit-user-select: none; } .ls-overflow-hidden { overflow: hidden; } .ls-overflowx-hidden { overflow-x: hidden; } html body .ls-overflow-visible, html#ls-global .ls-overflow-visible, body#ls-global .ls-overflow-visible, #ls-global .ls-overflow-visible, .ls-overflow-visible { overflow: visible !important; } .ls-overflowy-hidden { overflow-y: hidden; } .ls-slide { display: block !important; visibility: hidden !important; position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden; top: 0 !important; left: 0 !important; bottom: auto !important; right: auto !important; background: none; border: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; } .ls-slide > .ls-layer, .ls-slide > .ls-l, .ls-slide > .ls-bg, .ls-slide > a > .ls-layer, .ls-slide > a > .ls-l, .ls-slide > a > .ls-bg { position: absolute !important; white-space: nowrap; } .ls-fullscreen { margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; width: auto !important; height: auto !important; } .ls-fullscreen .ls-container { background-color: black; margin: 0 auto !important; } .ls-fullscreen .ls-fullscreen-wrapper { width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; border: 0 !important; background-color: black; overflow: hidden !important; position: relative !important; } .ls-fullscreen .ls-fullscreen-wrapper .ls-container, .ls-fullscreen .ls-fullscreen-wrapper .ls-wp-container { position: absolute !important; top: 50% !important; left: 50% !important; transform: translate(-50%, -50%) !important; } .ls-layer .split-item { font-weight: inherit !important; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; } html body .ls-container .ls-layer, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-layer, html body .ls-container .ls-l, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-l { border-width: 0; border-style: solid; border-color: #000; color: #000; font-size: 36px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-repeat: no-repeat; stroke: #000; text-align: left; font-style: normal; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0; background-position: 0% 0%; background-clip: border-box; opacity: 1; mix-blend-mode: unset; } .ls-container .ls-layer svg, .ls-container .ls-l svg { width: 1em; height: 1em; display: block; } .ls-container .ls-layer:not(.ls-html-layer), .ls-container .ls-l:not(.ls-html-layer) { stroke-width: 0; } .ls-container .ls-layer:not(.ls-html-layer) svg, .ls-container .ls-l:not(.ls-html-layer) svg { fill: currentColor; } .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-shape-layer svg, .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-svg-layer svg, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-shape-layer svg, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-svg-layer svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; } .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-icon-layer .fa, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-icon-layer .fa { display: block; line-height: inherit; } .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-ib-icon svg, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-ib-icon svg, .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-ib-icon .fa, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-ib-icon .fa { display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; } .ls-container .ls-layer.ls-html-layer svg, .ls-container .ls-l.ls-html-layer svg { display: inline; width: auto; height: auto; } .ls-container .ls-button-layer { cursor: pointer; } .ls-container:not(.ls-hidden) .ls-wrapper:not(.ls-force-display-block) picture.ls-layer img, .ls-container:not(.ls-hidden) .ls-wrapper:not(.ls-force-display-block) picture.ls-l img { width: inherit !important; height: inherit !important; } .ls-container.ls-hidden picture { display: flex !important; } .ls-container.ls-hidden picture.ls-layer img, .ls-container.ls-hidden picture.ls-l img { width: auto; height: auto; } .ls-container .ls-lottie-layer canvas { width: 100% !important; height: 100% !important; display: block; } .ls-l[data-ls-smart-bg], .ls-layer[data-ls-smart-bg], ls-layer[data-ls-smart-bg] { overflow: hidden !important; background-size: 0 0 !important; } .ls-l[data-ls-smart-bg]:before, .ls-layer[data-ls-smart-bg]:before, ls-layer[data-ls-smart-bg]:before { content: ""; display: block; position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: -1; width: var(--sw); height: var(--sh); transform: translate(calc(var(--x, 0px) + var(--lx, 0px) + var(--rx, 0px)), calc(var(--y, 0px) + var(--ly, 0px) + var(--ry, 0px))); background-image: inherit; background-size: var(--bgs, inherit); background-position: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; } html body .ls-nav-prev, #ls-global .ls-nav-prev, html body .ls-nav-next, #ls-global .ls-nav-next, html body .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a, #ls-global .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a, html body .ls-container .ls-fullscreen, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-fullscreen, html body .ls-thumbnail a, #ls-global .ls-thumbnail a { transition: none; -ms-transition: none; -webkit-transition: none; line-height: normal; outline: none; padding: 0; border: 0; } html body .ls-wrapper > a, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > a, html body .ls-wrapper > p, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > p, html body .ls-wrapper > h1, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > h1, html body .ls-wrapper > h2, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > h2, html body .ls-wrapper > h3, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > h3, html body .ls-wrapper > h4, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > h4, html body .ls-wrapper > h5, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > h5, html body .ls-wrapper > img, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > img, html body .ls-wrapper > div, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > div, html body .ls-wrapper > span, #ls-global .ls-wrapper > span, html body .ls-wrapper .ls-bg, #ls-global .ls-wrapper .ls-bg, html body .ls-wrapper .ls-layer, #ls-global .ls-wrapper .ls-layer, html body .ls-slide .ls-layer, #ls-global .ls-slide .ls-layer, html body .ls-slide a .ls-layer, #ls-global .ls-slide a .ls-layer { transition: none; -ms-transition: none; -webkit-transition: none; line-height: normal; outline: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; border-width: 0; } html body .ls-container img, #ls-global .ls-container img { transition: none; -ms-transition: none; -webkit-transition: none; line-height: normal; outline: none; background: none; min-width: 0; max-width: none; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; border-width: 0; padding: 0; } html body .ls-wp-container .ls-wrapper > a > *, #ls-global .ls-wp-container .ls-wrapper > a > * { margin: 0; } html body .ls-wp-container .ls-wrapper > a, #ls-global .ls-wp-container .ls-wrapper > a { text-decoration: none; } .ls-wp-fullwidth-container, .ls-wp-fullwidth-helper, .ls-gui-element *, .ls-gui-element, .ls-container, .ls-slide > *, .ls-slide, .ls-wrapper, .ls-layer { box-sizing: content-box !important; } html body .ls-yourlogo, #ls-global .ls-yourlogo { margin: 0; } html body .ls-tn, #ls-global .ls-tn { display: none; } .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper, .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper span, .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper a { line-height: 0; font-size: 0; } html body .ls-container video, #ls-global .ls-container video { max-width: none !important; object-fit: cover !important; } html body .ls-container.ls-wp-container, #ls-global .ls-container.ls-wp-container, html body .ls-fullscreen-wrapper, #ls-global .ls-fullscreen-wrapper { max-width: none; } html body .ls-container, #ls-global .ls-container, html body .ls-container .ls-slide-transition-wrapper, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-slide-transition-wrapper, html body .ls-container .ls-slide-transition-wrapper *, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-slide-transition-wrapper *, html body .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper, html body .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper *, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper *, html body .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper span *, #ls-global .ls-container .ls-bottom-nav-wrapper span *, html body .ls-direction-fix, #ls-global .ls-direction-fix { direction: ltr !important; } html body .ls-container, #ls-global .ls-container { float: none !important; } .ls-slider-notification { position: relative; margin: 10px auto; padding: 10px 10px 15px 88px; border-radius: 5px; min-height: 60px; background: #de4528; color: white !important; font-family: "Open Sans", arial, sans-serif !important; } .ls-slider-notification a { color: white !important; text-decoration: underline !important; } .ls-slider-notification-logo { position: absolute; top: 16px; left: 17px; width: 56px; height: 56px; font-size: 49px; line-height: 53px; border-radius: 56px; background-color: white; color: #de4528; font-style: normal; font-weight: 800; text-align: center; } .ls-slider-notification strong { color: white !important; display: block; font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px; font-weight: normal !important; } .ls-slider-notification span { display: block; font-size: 13px; line-height: 16px; text-align: justify !important; } @media screen and (max-width:767px) { .ls-container .ls-layers > .ls-hide-on-phone, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-phone video, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-phone audio, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-phone iframe { display: none !important; } } @media screen and (min-width:768px) and (max-width:1024px) { .ls-container .ls-layers > .ls-hide-on-tablet, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-tablet video, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-tablet audio, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-tablet iframe { display: none !important; } } @media screen and (min-width:1025px) { .ls-container .ls-layers > .ls-hide-on-desktop, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-desktop video, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-desktop audio, .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-hide-on-desktop iframe { display: none !important; } } .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-vpcontainer { z-index: 10; } .ls-container .ls-background-videos .ls-videopreview { background-size: cover !important; } .ls-container .ls-background-videos video, .ls-container .ls-background-videos audio, .ls-container .ls-background-videos iframe { position: relative; z-index: 20; } @media (transform-3d),(-ms-transform-3d),(-webkit-transform-3d) { #ls-test3d { position: absolute; left: 9px; height: 3px; } } .ls-z[data-ls-animating-in] .ls-wrapper.ls-in-out, .ls-z[data-ls-animating-out] .ls-wrapper.ls-in-out, .ls-curtile, .ls-nexttile { will-change: transform; } .ls-z[data-ls-animating-in] .ls-layer, .ls-z[data-ls-animating-out] .ls-layer, .ls-curtile, .ls-nexttile { will-change: opacity; } .ls-layer[data-ls-animating-in], .ls-layer[data-ls-animating-out] { will-change: filter; } .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in] .ls-ln, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in] .ls-wd, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-in] .ls-ch, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out] .ls-ln, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out] .ls-wd, .ls-layer[data-ls-text-animating-out] .ls-ch { will-change: transform; } .ls-z:not([data-ls-hidden]), .ls-z:not([data-ls-hidden]) .ls-wrapper.ls-loop, .ls-z:not([data-ls-hidden]) .ls-wrapper.ls-parallax, .ls-z:not([data-ls-hidden]) .ls-wrapper.ls-scroll-transform, .ls-z:not([data-ls-hidden]) .ls-wrapper.ls-scroll { will-change: transform; } .wpgs-for .slick-arrow::before, .wpgs-nav .slick-prev::before, .wpgs-nav .slick-next::before { color: #000; } .fancybox-bg { background-color: rgba(10, 0, 0, .75); } .fancybox-caption, .fancybox-infobar { color: #fff; } .wpgs-nav .slick-slide { border-color: transparent; } .wpgs-nav .slick-current { border-color: #000; } .wpgs-video-wrapper { min-height: 500px; } #top .avia-font-entypo-fontello-enfold, body .avia-font-entypo-fontello-enfold, html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello-enfold']:before { font-family: "entypo-fontello-enfold"; } #top .avia-font-entypo-fontello, body .avia-font-entypo-fontello, html body [data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello']:before { font-family: "entypo-fontello"; }

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