Swash

Find out more about waves.

Beaches beyond the defences (downdrift) are starved of beach material due to it being trapped behind the terminal (last) groyne.

Find out more about hard engineering at the coast.

An offshore bar is a raised area of seabed that is found offshore.

Find out more about landforms of coastal deposition.

Freeze-thaw weathering occurs when rocks are porous (contain holes) or permeable (allow water to pass through). Water enters the rock and freezes. The ice expands by around 9%. This causes pressure on the rock until it cracks. Repeated freeze-thaw can cause the rock to break up.

Find out more about weathering.

Salt weathering is when salt spray from the sea gets into a crack in a rock. It may evaporate and crystallise, putting pressure on the surrounding rock and weakening the structure.

Find out more about weathering.