Ridges are areas of the beach that are raised. The dips are water-filled troughs called runnels.

Ridge and runnels on Harlech beach, North Wales.

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A sand dune is a small ridge or hill of sand found at the top of a beach, above the reach of the waves.

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Beaches, sand dunes, spits and bars.

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A bar is a ridge of sand or single that joins two headlands either side of a bay.

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A sandy beach is usually formed in a sheltered bays, where low energy, constructive waves transport material onto the shore.

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