What are the effects of earthquakes?

Tectonic hazards lead to two main types of effects: primary and secondary. Primary effects occur instantly as a direct consequence of the hazard, while secondary effects unfold in the subsequent hours, days, and weeks following the initial event.

What are the primary effects of earthquakes?

The immediate consequences of an earthquake, known as its primary effects, can include:

• Loss of life and injuries to individuals.
• Destruction of properties, buildings, and residential areas.
• Damage to infrastructure such as bridges, roads, ports, and railways.
• Disruption and damage to gas and water pipelines as well as electrical cables.

What are the secondary effects of earthquakes?

Secondary effects following an earthquake can involve:

• A slowdown in the economy as funds are redirected towards repairing damages and business activities diminish.
• Impeded emergency services due to obstructed transportation routes.
• A scarcity of fresh water, deteriorating sanitation, and resulting illnesses caused by burst water pipes.
• The outbreak of fires due to ruptured gas lines and downed electrical cables.