The increase in lateral (sideways) erosion.

Find out more about the long profile of a river.

Economic benefits of constructing dams and reservoirs include:

• boosting tourism e.g. the local economy of Kielder has been boosted by £6 million thanks to the construction of Kielder Dam
• they can be used to produce electricity by passing the water through a turbine within the dam

Find out more about hard engineering.

An oxbow lake is a small, horseshoe-shaped lake that is located several meters from a straight stretch of river.

Find out more about meanders and oxbow lakes.

A gorge is a narrow, steep-sided valley, with bare, rocky walls.

Find out more about the landforms of erosion in the upper course of a river.

Steep gradient, convex slopes, they project from alternate sides of the family, separated by a narrow valley floor which is mainly taken up by the river channel, sometimes covered in Woodland and may have scree slopes.

Find out more about the landforms of erosion in the upper course of a river.