Abrasion occurs as breaking waves, concentrated between the high and low watermarks, which contain sand and larger fragments wear away the base of a cliff or headland. It is commonly known as the sandpaper effect. This process is particularly common in high-energy storm conditions.

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Corrasion is when destructive waves pick up beach material (e.g. pebbles) and hurl them at the base of a cliff. Over time this can loosen cliff material forming a wave-cut notch.

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The wearing away of land by the sea.

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Corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and corrosion/solution.

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Corrosion/solution is when certain types of cliff erode as a result of weak acids in the sea.

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