Cities and urban society – An overview of the causes and effects of rapid urbanisation and contrasting urban trends in different parts of the world with varying characteristics of economic and social development. For at least one major city in an economically advanced country, and one major city in a poorer country or recently emerging economy, examine ways of life and contemporary challenges arising from and influencing urban change. Both city studies should be set within the context of their region, country and the wider world, including an understanding of the causes and impacts of national and international migration on the growth and character of these cities.