Oceanic and continental crust

A long, narrow valley lying between two normal geologic faults. Rift valleys usually form where the Earth’s lithosphere has become thin through extension associated with plate-tectonic processes.

The rigid layer formed by the crust and upper mantle.

From the centre:

• Inner core
• Outer core
• Mantle
• Crust

Factors include:

• An increase in the number of people vulnerable to the natural hazard (e.g. population growth & increased population density close to hazard-prone areas)
• An increase in the frequency and magnitude of the natural hazard
• A decrease in the number of people capable of coping with the natural hazard