Conservative Plate Margins

AQA GCSE Geography > The Challenge of Natural Hazards > Conservative Plate Margins

Conservative Plate Margins

A conservative (passive or transform as it is also known) plate margin involves two tectonic plates sliding past each other. The plates do not pass each other smoothly. Friction causes them to get stuck. Over time pressure builds up until the friction is overcome which results in the plates slipping. When the pressure is released it sends out huge amounts of energy causing an earthquake. Earthquakes along conservative plate margins can be very large, up to magnitude 8, and leave plates ten metres away horizontally from where they previously stood.

Earthquakes at conservative plate boundaries can be very destructive as they occur close to the Earth’s surface. Following an earthquake along a conservative plate boundary, there are often aftershocks as the additional stress on other areas along the fault are relieved. These aftershocks can further damage already weakened structures and can often be as dangerous as the main earthquake.

A conservative plate margin

There are no volcanoes at a conservative plate margin.

A good example of a conservative plate margin is the San Andreas Fault in California, the USA where the Pacific and the North American plates are sliding past each other. Here, the Pacific plate and the North American plate are moving in the same direction but at different speeds.

A map to show the San Andreas fault

The Pacific plate is moving faster than the North American plate. This movement has been between 30mm and 50mm per year over the last 10 million years. It is predicted that within 20 million years San Francisco and Los Angeles will be adjacent to each other, if the current rate of movement is maintained.

The San Andreas Fault

Find out about destructive and constructive plate margins.

Summary

Plate Movement
At conservative plate margins, tectonic plates slide past each other in the same or opposite directions at different speeds.
No Crust Created or Destroyed
Unlike constructive or destructive margins, no new crust is formed and none is destroyed at conservative margins.
Earthquake Formation
Plates can become stuck due to friction, causing stress to build up and release suddenly as an earthquake.
No Volcanoes
Conservative margins do not produce volcanic activity because there is no subduction or magma rising.
Example: San Andreas Fault
The Pacific and North American plates move past each other along the San Andreas Fault, causing frequent earthquakes.
Long-Term Impacts
Plate movement over millions of years could bring cities like San Francisco and Los Angeles much closer together.